Julie Nuttall, Author at Oakhill Vets

IMPACTION COLIC: SIGNS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

IMPACTION COLIC: SIGNS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

What is colic?

Colic is the term used to describe ‘abdominal pain’ in horses. Fortunately, most colic cases we see are medical colics in particular spasmodic/gas colic. Other forms of medical colic include impaction colic and colon displacements to name but two. Luckily, less than 10% of colic cases we see require surgical intervention.

What are the signs of colic?

Restlessness
Pawing at the ground
Rolling
Kicking and/or looking at belly
Lying flat out
Sweating
Stretching/unusual posture
Poor appetite
Reduced droppings
Lip curling
Teeth grinding

What should I do if my horse is colicking?

Remain calm and keep safe
Remove food
Walk in hand ideally in a sand paddock provided it is safe to do so
Speak to your vet for advice
Do not give any pain-relief or other drugs unless instructed to do so by your vet

What is impaction colic?

Impaction colic is a form of colic we see more commonly at this time of year and occurs when gut contents become ‘stuck’ in the colon. Horses generally present with low grade signs of abdominal discomfort but with a history of a reduced appetite and reduced/absent faeces.

How is impaction colic diagnosed?

The diagnosis is based on a combination of historical information, symptoms and veterinary examination. A rectal exam is required to definitively diagnose the impaction.

What is the treatment for impaction colic?

1. Fluids!

Water and electrolytes are the best way to help soften and shift impaction colic. These are usually delivered via a nasogastric tube which is passed up your horse’s nose and down into their stomach.
Water buffet – ensure your horse has plenty of water to drink
Depending on the severity of the impaction repeat tubings is often required at 2–4-hour intervals. Therefore, hospitalisation is required in some cases.

2. Starve!

The vet will ask you to remove any hay/haylage/grass. This will stop the impaction getting larger in size.

3. Pain relief

Your vet will give your horse injectable pain relief to keep them comfortable whilst we attempt to clear the impaction.

What can I do to prevent impaction colic?

Keep up to date with routine dentistry.
Ensure your horse follows a worm control plan.
Ensure any dietary changes are made gradually over a 10-14-day period.
Monitor water intake to ensure your horse is drinking plenty. In winter ensure your horse’s water is not frozen. Consider adding warm water to your horse’s bucket feeds to increase intake. A salt lick should also be provided to stimulate thirst.

If you are concerned your horse is showing signs of colic, please do not hesitate to contact the team. At least two of our Oakhill Equine Vets are on call 24/7, 365 days/year.

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ALPHA-2-MACROGLOBULINS – A NEW, EXCITING TREATMENT FOR EQUINE ASTHMA!

ALPHA-2-MACROGLOBULINS – NOT JUST FOR JOINTS – A NEW, EXCITING TREATMENT FOR EQUINE ASTHMA!

Clinical signs of equine asthma, formerly known as COPD or RAO, occur when a genetically susceptible horse inhales an allergen to which they are allergic.

This results in airway spasm and an increased production of mucus and inflammatory cells within the airway resulting in a cough, increased respiratory rate and effort and decreased performance to name but a few. The severity of clinical signs vary from mild to severe.

Dust is commonly implicated, but some horses present during the summer months when pollen levels are high.

Diagnosis is frequently based on compatible clinical signs but can be confirmed through airway endoscopy and laboratory analysis of airway fluid samples.

In the past, treatment of asthma relied heavily on bronchodilators and steroids in addition to environmental modifications.

Recently, nebulised alpha-2-macroglobulins has shown promise in the treatment of asthma cases and equine vet Leona has treated a number of our own patients in addition to referral patients using this product.

Alpha-2-macroglobulins are a natural anti-inflammatory molecule which can be harvested from a patient’s own blood, meaning it is a benign and natural product.

In addition to its use in the treatment of joint disease, it can also be nebulised to treat inflammation associated with equine asthma.

Suitable candidates for treatment include those patients where steroids need to be avoided, patients who have not responded to conventional treatment methods or competition horses who require maintenance therapy.

In summary, a really exciting addition to our toolbox for treating equine asthma!

For more information and to see if your horse could benefit from alpha-2-macroglobulins as a treatment for asthma call 01772 861300 to speak to Leona.

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ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF JOINT DISEASE… WHAT IS ALPHA-2-MACROGLOBULIN PLASMA?

Horse's joint being injected with Alpha-2-macroglobulin

ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF JOINT DISEASE… WHAT IS ALPHA-2-MACROGLOBULIN PLASMA AND WILL IT HELP MY HORSE?

Alpha-2-macroglobulin is a large protein that circulates in the bloodstream of our horses. Its job is to bind inflammatory enzymes and remove them from the site of injury.

At Oakhill, we have invested in a special centrifuge which enables us to collect blood from your horse and create a concentrated plasma full of this anti-inflammatory protein. This plasma can then be injected into joints in cases of osteoarthritis and can even be used to treat soft tissue injuries too. Wherever there is inflammation this substance can be safely injected into the area, without the risk of laminitis which is often a concern related to the use of corticosteroids in horses.

There is no withdrawal time from competition to worry about either, and often no need for long periods out of ridden exercise depending on the underlying issue being treated.

This procedure takes around four hours to be performed so can be done at the clinic on a half-day appointment.

We have seen zero side effects related to the use of this product to date. The great news is that surplus plasma can also be frozen to be used at a later date (within a year). We are happy to store it in a sterile manner at Oakhill. If you are interested in finding out more about alpha-2-macroglobulin plasma for the treatment of joint disease, please do not hesitate to give one of our lameness vets a call.

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FESTIVE FOODS THAT ARE DANGEROUS FOR YOUR PET

FESTIVE FOODS THAT ARE DANGEROUS FOR YOUR PET

The holiday season brings joy and indulgence, but it’s essential to remember that some festive foods can pose serious health risks to your pets. While it’s tempting to share your Christmas treats with your furry friends, certain foods can be harmful or even toxic to them. Here’s a guide to help you keep your pets safe during the festivities.

❌ FOODS TO AVOID

Chocolate

Chocolate contains theobromine and caffeine, both of which are toxic to dogs and cats. Even small amounts can cause symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea, rapid breathing, and in severe cases, seizures or death.

Christmas Pudding and Mince Pies

These traditional treats often contain raisins, sultanas, or currants, which can cause kidney failure in pets. The exact substance causing the toxicity is unknown, but even a small amount can be dangerous.

Onions, Garlic, Shallots, and Chives

Allium species, including onions and garlic, can cause oxidative damage to red blood cells, leading to anaemia. This applies to both raw and cooked forms, as well as powdered versions commonly used in seasonings.

Xylitol

This artificial sweetener, found in sugar-free gum, sweets, baked goods, and some peanut butters, can cause a rapid insulin release in dogs, leading to hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar), seizures, liver failure, or even death.

Cooked Bones

Cooked bones, such as turkey or chicken bones, can splinter and cause blockages or tears in the digestive tract. They can also pose a choking hazard.

Alcohol

Alcoholic beverages and foods containing alcohol can be toxic to pets, leading to symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea, decreased coordination, and in severe cases, respiratory failure or death.

Nuts

Macadamia nuts are particularly toxic to dogs, causing symptoms like vomiting, tremors, and weakness. Other nuts can be high in fat and salt, leading to digestive upset or pancreatitis.

⚠️ SIGNS OF POISONING

If you suspect that your pet has ingested any of these foods, watch for the following symptoms:

Vomiting or diarrhoea
Lethargy or weakness
Tremors or seizures
Rapid breathing or heart rate
Abnormal behaviour or coordination

IF YOU THINK YOUR PET HAS BEEN POISONED…

Accidents can happen, especially during busy or noisy times like the festive period. If you think your pet may have eaten or been exposed to something toxic, it’s important to act fast.

The Animal POISONLine, run by the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS), is a 24-hour emergency telephone service offering expert advice to pet owners who are worried their pet may have come into contact with something harmful.

Their team of vets and scientists have experience with thousands of toxic substances — from human medicines, household cleaners, and plants to garden products, agricultural chemicals, and even venomous bites or stings.

Based on the details you provide, they can advise whether your pet needs immediate veterinary treatment or whether it’s safe to monitor them at home, potentially saving you an unnecessary emergency trip.

Animal POISONLine: 01202 509000

Available 24 hours a day
Call cost: £35 (Mon–Fri, 8am–8pm) | £45 (all other times, including bank holidays)

TIPS FOR A PET-SAFE CHRISTMAS

Keep harmful foods out of reach: Store chocolates, nuts, and other toxic foods in secure containers.
Educate guests: Inform visitors not to feed your pets any human food.
Provide pet-safe treats: Offer specially formulated treats designed for pets.
Create a safe space: During gatherings, ensure your pet has a quiet, comfortable area to retreat to.

By being vigilant and informed, you can ensure that your pets enjoy a safe and happy holiday season. If you have any concerns or questions about your pet’s health, don’t hesitate to contact us.

KEEPING YOUR PETS COMFORTABLE AS THE TEMPERATURE DROPS

KEEPING YOUR PETS COMFORTABLE AS THE TEMPERATURE DROPS

As the temperature drops and winter draws near, our furry companions often need a little extra care. Just like us, pets can struggle with the cold, and while some are well-equipped for winter, others rely on us to help them stay warm, safe, and happy. Whether you share your home with cats, dogs, or small furries, here are some essential tips to help them thrive through the colder months.

CATS

Cats are masters of finding the warmest spot in the house, but outdoor and indoor cats alike can be vulnerable in cold weather.

Provide warm shelter: Make sure your cat always has access to a cosy, dry indoor space. If they use a cat flap, check regularly that it isn’t frozen shut or blocked by snow or ice.
Keep them in during extreme cold: During freezing conditions, it’s safer to keep cats indoors. If your cat is used to roaming, provide a litter tray and enrichment toys to keep them content inside.
Create cosy resting spots: Place warm beds away from draughts and on raised surfaces to avoid cold floors. Heated pet mats or blankets (with safety features) can be especially comforting for elderly cats or kittens.
Check your car: Cats sometimes crawl beneath car bonnets or onto tyres seeking warmth. Always tap the bonnet or honk gently before starting your engine.
Stay playful: Cats can become less active in the winter. Interactive toys or puzzle feeders can help keep them mentally stimulated indoors.

DOGS

Dogs still need their daily walks and stimulation during winter, but a little extra care goes a long way to keeping them comfortable and safe.

Dress for the weather: Short-coated breeds (like greyhounds or staffies), puppies, and older dogs may appreciate a warm coat or jumper when heading out.
Take care on icy surfaces: Slippery pavements can lead to strains or falls, particularly in older dogs or those with arthritis. Consider shorter, more frequent walks if it’s very icy.
Paw care matters: Salt, grit, and de-icing chemicals can irritate your dog’s paws. After walks, rinse and dry their feet thoroughly, and check between the toes for any ice or cuts.
Hydration is still important: Dogs can get dehydrated in winter, too. Make sure they always have access to fresh, unfrozen water.
Avoid frozen lakes and ponds: Ice can look solid but may give way under your dog’s weight. Always keep them on a lead near open water.
Keep them active indoors: On days when the weather is too harsh, try indoor games, training sessions, or food puzzles to keep your dog mentally and physically engaged.

RABBITS & GUINEA PIGS (OUTDOOR PETS)

Small pets feel the cold quickly and need extra protection when temperatures drop.

Bring them inside if possible: A shed, garage, or enclosed porch offers valuable shelter from frost and wind. Ensure any space is predator-proof and still gets daylight.
Insulate outdoor hutches: If they must stay outside, use extra insulation such as thick blankets, tarps, or bubble wrap over the hutch – but make sure air can still circulate.
Plenty of bedding: Provide a deep layer of straw so your pets can burrow and keep warm. Check bedding daily and replace damp material promptly.
Pet-safe heat sources: Use microwavable pet heat discs or snuggle pads to provide gentle, safe warmth.
Check water supplies: Water bottles and bowls can freeze quickly – use bottle covers and check them several times a day.
Extra calories help: Small pets burn more energy keeping warm, so they may need slightly more food in winter.

GENERAL TIPS FOR ALL PETS

Routine health checks: Cold weather can worsen conditions like arthritis, so winter is a good time for a veterinary check-up, especially for senior pets.
Watch for behaviour changes: Shivering, reluctance to go outside, or sleeping more than usual can be signs your pet is too cold.
Keep a consistent routine: Pets thrive on routine, and shorter days can make them feel unsettled. Try to maintain regular feeding, play, and exercise times.
Beware of antifreeze: Even tiny amounts of antifreeze are highly toxic to pets. Store it safely and clean up any spills immediately. If you suspect your pet has come into contact with it, contact us immediately. Alternatively call the Veterinary Poisons Information Service on 01202 509 000.

A FINAL WORD

Winter can be a magical time full of crisp walks, cosy evenings, and maybe even a bit of magical snow. By making a few small adjustments, you can ensure your pets stay warm, safe, and full of joy all season long. After all, their comfort and wellbeing are part of what makes home feel so special during the colder months.

SPOTTING ARTHRITIS IN YOUR PETS – SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND SOLUTIONS

SPOTTING ARTHRITIS IN YOUR PETS – SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, AND SOLUTIONS

Arthritis isn’t just a human problem: our furry friends can suffer too. While more common in older pets, arthritis can affect both cats and dogs, often progressing slowly and subtly. Because animals tend to hide pain, changes can be easy to miss. Recognising the signs early can make a huge difference to your pet’s comfort and quality of life.

HOW ARTHRITIS SHOWS IN CATS AND DOGS

Pets often mask discomfort, so look out for subtle changes rather than obvious limping. Signs may include:

In cats:

Reduced activity: Less play, reluctance to jump, or avoiding stairs.
Grooming changes: Matted or unkempt fur, especially along the back.
Sleeping patterns: Sleeping in new spots or more than usual.
Behavioural shifts: Irritability, withdrawal, or less interaction.
Physical indicators: Stiff movement or muscle loss in limbs.

In dogs:

Limping or lameness: May favour one leg or struggle to get up.
Reluctance to move: Hesitant to climb stairs, jump on furniture, or go for walks.
Behavioural changes: Snapping or growling when touched, less interest in play.
Muscle loss: Thinning of muscles around affected joints.
Changes in posture: Hunched back or difficulty lying down comfortably.

UNDERSTANDING OSTEOARTHRITIS

Osteoarthritis involves the gradual wear and tear of cartilage, leading to joint pain and stiffness. It can be caused by aging, injury, or congenital conditions. Commonly affected joints in pets include the hips, knees, elbows, and spine.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

If you notice any of the above signs, book a consultation with one of our vets who can help diagnose arthritis through:

Physical examination: Checking joint mobility and pain responses.
Imaging: X-rays to assess joint health.
Pain assessment: Questionnaires to evaluate behaviour and discomfort.

Treatment options include:

Medications: There is a wide range of medications available for your pet ranging from painkiller liquids/ tablets or even injections , your vet will help you decide which one is best for your pet and you.
Physiotherapy: Our Certified Canine Mobility Nurse, Emma, is here to support your pet’s comfort and wellbeing. She creates personalised exercise rehabilitation plans tailored to your pet’s mobility needs, helping them stay active, mobile, and happy. Emma can also guide you on simple at-home adjustments and techniques that can make a big difference in managing pain and improving your pet’s quality of life.
Weight management: Keeping pets lean reduces joint stress. Book a FREE consultation with nurse Natalie Bowness for help on weight management.
Environmental adjustments: Ramps, low-sided litter boxes, or elevated food/water bowls help pets move comfortably.
Supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids and glucosamine may support joint health.

HOME ADJUSTMENTS TO IMPROVE COMFORT

Simple changes at home can greatly enhance mobility and reduce discomfort:

Supportive bedding: Soft, cushioned beds in quiet, accessible areas.
Easier access: Ramps or steps for furniture, food, and water.
Temperature control: Keep your home warm, as cold can worsen joint pain.
Gentle exercise: Light play or short walks maintain mobility without overexertion.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

Arthritis is common in aging pets but doesn’t have to mean a lower quality of life. Early detection, veterinary care, and small lifestyle changes can help your cat or dog stay active, comfortable, and happy.

If you notice your pet showing any signs of stiffness, reluctance to move, or behavioural changes, book a consultation.

SEASONAL PET CARE GUIDE: KEEPING YOUR PETS CALM AND SAFE DURING AUTUMN CELEBRATIONS

SEASONAL PET CARE GUIDE: KEEPING YOUR PETS CALM AND SAFE DURING AUTUMN CELEBRATIONS

As the nights draw in and the autumn festivities begin, the season brings plenty of excitement for us – from fireworks and bonfires to Halloween costumes and treats. But for our pets, these sights and sounds can sometimes be confusing, overwhelming, or even frightening.

Cats, dogs, and small animals often experience fear and anxiety during this time. Common signs of anxiety include:

Trembling, hiding, or pacing
Excessive barking or meowing
Drooling, panting, or shaking
Accidents indoors
Clinginess or restlessness

HELPING YOUR PET COPE

With a little preparation and understanding, you can help your furry friends stay calm, comfortable, and safe throughout this busy season.

1. Walk Dogs Before Dark
Enjoy walks earlier in the day to avoid the evening commotion and unpredictable loud noises. If you get home after dark you can still help them burn energy safely indoors with food puzzles, training exercises, or hide-and-seek games.

2. Keep Pets Indoors
Even if your cat or dog is used to being outdoors, it’s best to keep them inside on Halloween and Bonfire Night. The reduced noise indoors will help them feel secure… and they’ll be safely out of reach from potential pranks or hazards.

3. Create a Calm Zone
Choose a quiet, familiar room with your pet’s bed, toys, and perhaps an item of your clothing. A covered crate or den-style retreat can help them feel secure. If your dog finds visitors especially stressful, consider leaving a polite sign outside your home on Halloween, such as: “Nervous dog – please don’t knock. Help yourself to sweets from the box!”

4. Manage Sound and Light
Close windows and curtains, keep lights on, and play soft music or white noise to mask sudden bangs during fireworks.

5. Stay Relaxed and Reassuring
Your pet takes cues from you – staying calm helps them feel safe. Offer quiet reassurance without over-fussing.

6. Check Microchips and ID Tags
Make sure your cat or dog’s microchip and ID tags have your current contact details, just in case.

7. Avoid Uncomfortable Costumes
Some pets tolerate dressing up, while others clearly don’t. If your pet shows signs of stress -such as flattened ears, tucked tail, or hunched posture – remove the costume right away. Their comfort comes before the photo op!

8. Keep Decorations and Candles Out of Reach
Opt for flameless candles to avoid accidents and keep wires and small decorations well away from curious noses.

9. Keep Sweets Secure
Chocolate, xylitol, and many sweets are toxic to pets. Store them safely and remind children not to share. If your pet eats something harmful, contact us immediately.

10. Speak to Your Vet if Needed
If your pet’s anxiety is severe, we can recommend calming products, pheromone diffusers, or medication to make firework nights less distressing.

Autumn celebrations can be fun for the whole family when you take simple steps to protect your pets. With a calm environment, thoughtful planning, and a little extra care, you can help your four-legged companions enjoy the season just as much as you do – safely and stress-free.

ON YARD LAMENESS CLINICS

ON YARD LAMENESS CLINICS

We’ve got the kit, you’ve got the ponies!

Whilst our state-of-the-art clinic at Goosnargh is still the gold standard for investigating lameness, Oakhill recognises that travelling to the clinic is not always an option for our horses.

Over the last four years we have been investing in our staff and equipment and now have five vets with special interest and expertise in lameness investigation ready to bring top-level care to your yard. We have two digital x-ray machines and an ultrasound scanner to rapidly and accurately diagnose a range of orthopaedic conditions in horses.

If you have two or more horses with a lameness or poor performance issue and suitable facilities, we can now organise a lameness clinic at your yard. Here we will provide two orthopaedic vets, a full set of equipment and the ability to provide treatment and expert support for many common issues.

If you would like to find out more about our on yard lameness clinics, speak to our team on 01772 861300.

Here is a recent picture, taken by lameness vet Roisin, of some “extra guests” helping with a diagnosis of knee arthritis in a recent case!

EFFECTIVE INSECT CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR HORSES

EFFECTIVE INSECT CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR HORSES

Insects are more than just a nuisance for horses – they can spread disease, cause discomfort and can lead to skin and health problems such as conjunctivitis, sweet itch and aural plaques. Implementing a comprehensive insect control programme is essential for equine well-being, especially during peak fly seasons. Here are our key strategies to help you and your horse this summer.

Environmental Management

Control begins at the source. Removal of droppings from pasture at least once daily will help with reducing fly numbers (and of course, is all part of good worm prevention)! Proper drainage around stables and pastures helps reduce numbers of midges, and muck heaps should be kept at as far a distance away from your stables as possible.

Physical Barriers and Repellents

Fly masks and sheets provide a physical defence against biting insects. For our horses that suffer with sweet-itch, wearing a fly sheet during all hours of the day is essential, starting early in the season before the midges come out to play! Topical sprays and ointments containing DEET or natural oils (e.g. citronella) offer short-medium term protection. We can also prescribe topical solutions or tags containing cypermethrin (typically used to treat lice) which can be used as fly repellents where appropriate for your horse.

Vaccination

A sweet itch vaccine is available and may help reduce sweet itch symptoms in some horses. Whilst this vaccine is for ringworm, it has been used off licence and been reported to assist in managing clinical of sweet itch. The vaccine is administered as a two injection course, prior to the start of midge season (typically around March).

If you would like to learn more, feel free to contact our office on 01772 861300 to speak with one of our vets.

CASE STUDY: IT ALWAYS HAPPENS TO A VET’S HORSE!

CASE STUDY: IT ALWAYS HAPPENS TO A VET’S HORSE!

Jack is a 15-year-old Morgan horse gelding, owned by our vet Roisin, who started with a moderate right hindlimb lameness noticed during schooling exercise. He was admitted to the clinic and had nerve blocks performed which isolated the lameness to the upper cannon region.

X-RAYS & MRI

X-rays and ultrasound scans revealed mild chronic changes to the proximal suspensory ligament but did not fully explain his lameness grade. The proximal suspensory region is a challenging region to image with conventional methods due to superimposition of many anatomical structures over one another, so we elected to put Jack in our MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) machine to give us further information regarding the soft tissues and surroundings bone structures.

Jack was an MRI star and stood like a rock from start to finish over a few hours in the magnet! The MRI scans echoed ultrasound images, revealing moderate inflammation (desmitis) of the proximal suspensory ligament, but most interestingly revealed a boney protrusion on the inside of Jacks outer splint bone (figure 1.). This was abutting and causing inflammation to the adjacent suspensory ligament. There was also inflammation between the syndesmosis (fibrous join between bones) between this splint and the cannon bone (figure 2.).

RETURNING TO WORK

The scans provided vital information regarding Jack’s likelihood to return to his previous level of exercise. Due to the presence of concurrent pathology to the structures surrounding his suspensory ligament he was unlikely to stay sound for his previous job of hunting and eventing.

However, Jack was set up on a controlled rehabilitation programme targeted steroid medication and we are happy to say that Jack is sound enjoying a slightly lighter lease of life of pleasure rides, working equitation and hacking, hopefully for many more years to come!